Wireless monitoring for utilities is no longer optional. As more connected devices appear across substations, control centers, and field sites, the radio frequency (RF) spectrum has become a key part of utility security. Yet, many utility environments still leave these airwaves largely unmonitored. Traditional protections under NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) focus on wired networks, but threats now travel over Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless paths. Without RF visibility, utilities risk missing key threats—right at the edge of their operations.
The Hidden Gaps in Utility Cybersecurity
Utilities have hardened wired networks, controlled remote access, and segmented systems. But wireless threats bypass these controls. A forgotten hotspot in a control room or an unauthorized device in a substation can quietly expose critical infrastructure. These threats are dynamic. RF activity changes with time of day, work schedules, and local conditions. Monitoring the spectrum is the only way to keep up.
Physical Threats Are Evolving, So Must Defenses
Agencies like CISA and the Department of Energy urge updates to security strategies. Modern threats use RF tools for surveillance and access. Wireless monitoring adds a valuable layer alongside fences and cameras. When former U.S. officials warn of foreign efforts to infiltrate power systems, it’s a wake-up call. Utilities must protect both wireline and wireless pathways.
Regulations Push for Better Visibility
Compliance isn’t enough, but it’s moving in the right direction. With FERC’s approval of CIP-015-1, internal network monitoring is now a requirement. This highlights a broader push for visibility across all traffic, wired and wireless. Pairing internal telemetry with RF awareness helps utilities stay ahead of the threat curve and align with regulatory trends.
Bring RF Into the Security Perimeter
CIP-005 requires complete control of access points. That includes wireless links near perimeter zones. By treating RF signals as part of the perimeter, utilities reduce surprises and respond faster when incidents occur.
Six Steps to Reduce Wireless Risk
- Build a live inventory: Track all RF transmitters around key sites, including hotspots, modems, and IIoT gear. Log location and time to catch walk-by emitters.
- Monitor continuously: Audits are not enough. Ongoing monitoring reveals activity during outages, shift changes, and routine work.
- Set clear wireless rules: Define policies for hotspots and Bluetooth gear in critical areas. Use signage and spectrum data to enforce them.
- Link alerts to existing workflows: Treat RF detections like cyber events. Send alerts to your SIEM and document them under the proper CIP controls.
- Add RF checks to patrols: Quick scans during security rounds can uncover hidden devices or interference sources that cameras may miss.
- Cover remote and renewable sites: Solar and wind sites use wireless links, too. Monitor them regularly, especially during vendor visits and upgrades.
Measuring Success in RF Monitoring
What does effective RF monitoring look like? You’ll see fewer unknown devices at the edge. Investigations will take less time. Auditors will find stronger, time-stamped evidence of your compliance. And your team will be ready as new monitoring standards roll out under CIP-015-1. Treating the RF spectrum as a core security domain helps utilities stay secure, compliant, and prepared for what’s next.
